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Icoana pildelor / The Icon of the Parables

Schițe pentru Icoana Pildelor

NP, mai 2021

Cristos a înviat!

Astăzi este sărbătorit Paștele ortodox, Sfintele Paști, cea mai importantă sărbătoare a creștinătății.

Funcționarii de la Google sărbătoresc orice altceva în afară de ce-i mai important.

În ziua de azi ne bazăm destul de mult pe acest motor de căutare – căutăm mereu câte ceva, ce spune asta despre noi?

Poate că suntem cam rătăciți.

Oițe rătăcite și fii risipitori.


„Ce să Mă fac cu tine, Efraime?

Ce să Mă fac cu tine, Iudo?,

de vreme ce mila voastră

e ca un nor de dimineață

și precum roua timpurie ce se duce.

              

De-aceea Eu v’am secerat profeții:

cu graiul gurii Mele i-am ucis,

și judecata Mea răsare ca lumina.

              

Că milă vreau, iar nu jertfă,

și cunoașterea lui Dumnezeu

mai mult decât arderile-de-tot.”

Osea 6, 4-7


„Am imaginat o icoană a învăţăturii lui Iisus Hristos. Nu am cunoştinţa să mai fi fost folosit acest program iconografic.

[…]

Am pornit lucrarea cu gândul că am de ales 12 pilde din cele 40 care apar în erminia lui Dionisie (voi explica structura compoziţională în partea a III-a). Această selecţie necesita un criteriu. Primul criteriu a apărut prin sugestie grafică, de a reuni pe fiecare latură a icoanei o grupare de pilde apropiate ca semnificaţie: despre iubire (Bunul Păstor, fiul risipitor, samarineanul milostiv), despre credinţă (văduva stăruitoare, grăuntele de muştar, lampa luminândă), despre risipă (bogatul căruia i-a rodit ţarina, smochinul neroditor, pilda talanţilor), despre antinomie şi Judecata din urmă (cele 10 fecioare, vameşul şi fariseul, pomul bun şi pomul rău). Am constatat că este o clasificare greşită, adică nu este o clasificare. Cele 4 categorii pot fi şi altele, nu epuizează temele principale, iar pildele participă fiecare, de obicei, la mai multe teme majore, în mod egal. Am încercat atunci să găsesc nuanţa unei pilde care o face pe fiecare deosebită, alegând 12 pilde cu sugestiile cele mai însemnate: stăruinţa în rugăciune (văduva), privegherea (cele 10 fecioare), pocăinţa (fiul risipitor), mila (samarineanul), iubirea (Bunul Păstor), adevărul (lampa luminândă) – 6 virtuţi; lăcomia (bogatul căruia i-a rodit ţarina), lenea (smochinul neroditor), mânia (datornicul nemilostiv), nepregătirea (nunta fiului de împărat), trădarea (lucrătorii cei răi ai viei), minciuna (pilda orbilor) – 6 păcate. Scopul moralizator era la fel de accentuat ca şi antinomia. În plus, care este diferenţa dintre stăruinţă în rugăciune şi priveghere? Sau dintre nepregătire, orbire şi celelalte păcate? În toate e trufia şi iubirea de sine. Textele din Filocalii fac o mult mai bună clasificare a darurilor Sf. Duh şi a ispitelor[1], dar pildele sunt altceva şi mai mult decât atât.

[…]


[1] cele 7 daruri ale Sf. Duh (harismele): Is 11, 2-3; roadele Duhului: Ga 5, 22; despre harisme: 1 Co 12; Ef 5, 9; despre virtuţile teologice şi morale, păcatul strămoşesc şi păcatele personale (capitale, împotriva Duhului Sfânt, strigătoare la cer): învăţătura de credinţă creştină ortodoxă (Credinţa Ortodoxă, Trinitas, Iaşi, 2003)”

(Nadina Pascariu, Icoana pildelor, 2006)

 

Ne-am amintit acum de această lucrare, Icoana pildelor, din 2006, o vom publica poate la un moment dat.

Deocamdată, câteva schițe dintr-un caiet pregătitor.

Cu recomandarea de a merge la sursă – care nu este Google.




The Icon of the Parables

NP's Master of Fine Arts work from 2006


This work from 2006 was initially meant to be a practical more than a theoretical one, as it came out. Its idea was given to me by the professor Ion Lazăr (at the University of Arts from Bucharest) in the frame of my master studies of "The Art Techniques” with application on the Byzantine style. His vision was that of an icon of some of the parables from the New Testament. Also it was his idea to place "The Vine and the Branches” in the center of the composition and he gave me this reproduction as a model (the only icon of a parable he encountered):



Christianity was one of my main interests at that time. Having to choose some parables meant better knowing them all. This was a subject for one year, that is why my research remained restricted to its connection with the practical realization of the painting.

The main purpose – for me, was reached: to present a justified new iconographic model and realize a beautiful painting. The purpose intended by my professor was not: the painting was not made in the Byzantine style. Along the research, I discovered that the Paleochristian expression was much more suitable for my ideas and partially was even their source.

 

I will note here only some of the main ideas from the first two chapters of my documentation (I About the Icon, II About the Parables), by points. The third chapter (III About the Icon of the Parables) contains the detailed presentation of the painting (and it is the most original and interesting).


1. My “proposal” was not a demand for the introduction within the religious canon of a new iconographic model. But it was a meditation on the needs and possibilities of the religious art to update itself, as the Byzantine style employed by the Orthodox Christianity relates only to a specific era (the one that was glorious for the Church); far from being an apology for the secularization, illustrated by the Catholicism, where the Tradition was lost through the “earthly” that is depicted.

 

2. Why was this model of icon something new, how do we find the parables of Jesus illustrated in the Christian art? Usually in miniatures and mural paintings (and other forms in the West), only through a part of the story or detailed in multiple scenes, interpreted already or not… Because the Icon is more fitted to make present the Divinity: God, the saints, the angels or the biblical events that the believer celebrates in his life (real things, not stories).

 

3. About the Parables – what are they? How many are they and which ones among Jesus’ sermons can be identified as parables? The way they were grouped by different theologians. And in particular for my work – how to choose some representative ones?

 

4. Important concepts: mašal, midrash, symbolon, parabolé, “pilda” (the original name, in Romanian, is “Icoana pildelor” not “Icoana parabolelor” and for a good reason, but to translate it I didn’t find the equivalent word in English; “pilda” means “model and story” at the same time, coming from the German “Bilde” - “Bildung” through the Hungarian “példa”), velum - Revelation, Ye[hô]shoua - Christus - Meshîhâ, Logos and others.

 

5. Conclusions: there is no way to rigidly categorize the parables of Jesus. I saw the repetitive motives, the importance of the symbols as links between our perception and the Reality and the similarities between some of the parables told by Jesus and the real stories of His life. I started the research by making an inventory of the parables, one by one and through different filters, until I came to visualize them, to have “the whole picture” – at that moment I only had to attribute to the elements of my picture each one’s explanation – both in itself and in relation to the others. (hearing → seeing → understanding)



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